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Sonnet 136 is one of 154 sonnets written by the English playwright and poet William Shakespeare. == Form and structure == Sonnet 136 is written using the traditional characteristics of a Shakespearean sonnet, which is based on the two-part structure of the Italian Petrarchan Sonnet. The sonnet uses three quatrains and couplet with the ABAB CDCD EFEF GG rhyme scheme. What makes Sonnet 136 somewhat unique is it’s perceived multiple turns within the Sonnet.〔(Vendler, Helen. The Art of Shakespeare's Sonnets.Cambridge, MA: Belknap of Harvard UP, 1997.)〕 In her book, ''The Art of Shakespeare’s Sonnets'', Helen Vendler identifies three different ways of representing the division of the sonnet. The first of these follows a 6-6-2 pattern and is identified by the lack of the use of the words will and love in the inner six lines.〔(Vendler, Helen. The Art of Shakespeare's Sonnets.Cambridge, MA: Belknap of Harvard UP, 1997.)〕 The two words are a major focus of quatrain 1, quatrain 2, and the couplet, but are conspicuously absent from quatrain three.〔(Vendler, Helen. The Art of Shakespeare's Sonnets.Cambridge, MA: Belknap of Harvard UP, 1997. )〕 Vendler’s second method of dividing the poem is by speech acts, and follows and 4-2-2-5-1 division.〔(Vendler, Helen. The Art of Shakespeare's Sonnets.Cambridge, MA: Belknap of Harvard UP, 1997.)〕 Each division of the sonnet focuses on a particular style of speech, which change as the speaker changes his tactic for addressing the subject. The divisions are as follows; adjuration (lines 1-4), promise (5-6), proposition (7-8), plea (9-13), and result/conclusion (14).〔(Vendler, Helen. The Art of Shakespeare's Sonnets.Cambridge, MA: Belknap of Harvard UP, 1997.)〕 The final method of division that Vendler identifies is a pronominal distinction, and is divided by a 6-2-6 pattern. In the first six lines are representative of the pronoun I, in which the speaker focuses on the fantastic private aspects of love. This is followed by a “turn” at lines 6-7 when the speaker suddenly becomes public with his use of the pronoun we,〔(Vendler, Helen. The Art of Shakespeare's Sonnets.Cambridge, MA: Belknap of Harvard UP, 1997. )〕 which is generally viewed as referring to all humankind.〔(Smith, QTD in Schiffer, James. “Shakespeare’s Sonnets: Critical Essays”, pg )〕 The poem turns again at the couplet when the speaker again returns to the use of the pronoun/.〔(Vendler, Helen. The Art of Shakespeare's Sonnets.Cambridge, MA: Belknap of Harvard UP, 1997. )〕 Robert Matz finds Shakespeare to “draw comically on the Renaissance tie between a woman’s sexual infidelity and her failure more generally to conform to the period idea of the “good” woman.” The multiple uses of “will” “refers to the lady’s willfulness rather than her passivity, her strong sexual desire, and her vagina.”〔(Matz, Robert. The World Of Shakespeare's Sonnets : An Introduction / Robert Matz. n.p.: Jefferson, N.C. : McFarland & Co., c2008.). 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sonnet 136」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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